Abstract: Pneumocystis is a group of obligate parasitic, opportunistic pathogenic fungi that are zoonotic. It mainly attacks immunocompromised hosts, causing Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). These fungi can persist concealed in laboratory rodents for long periods, presenting as subclinical infections. When the host’s immune system is compromised or absent, Pneumocystis can quickly become active, leading to fatal PCP, causing abnormal deaths in animals and significantly interfering with the continuity and reliability of research in fields such as oncology and immunology. This article reviews advances in model development, detection methods, and in vitro cultivation, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for establishing efficient and accurate standardized detection methods for Pneumocystis in laboratory animals.

Key words: laboratory animal, Pneumocystis, PCR, serologic tests, in vitro culture

摘要： 肺孢子菌(Pneumocystis)是一类专性寄生的、机会致病性真菌,人兽共患。主要侵袭免疫力低下宿主,引起肺 孢子菌肺炎(PCP)。该菌可长期隐匿于啮齿类实验动物体内,呈亚临床感染;当宿主免疫功能低下或缺失时,肺孢 子菌可迅速活化并引发致死性肺孢子菌肺炎,造成动物异常死亡,显著干扰肿瘤学、免疫学等研究的连续性与可靠 性。本文综述肺孢子菌感染模型构建、检测方法及体外培养的研究进展,旨在为建立实验动物肺孢子菌高效、准确 的标准化检测方法提供理论依据与技术参考。

关键词: 实验动物, 肺孢子菌, 聚合酶链反应(PCR), 血清学检测, 体外培养